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Elizabeth Adelaide Manning (1828 – 10 August 1905) was a British writer and editor. She championed kindergartens. She was one of the first students to attend Girton College. Manning was active for the National Indian Association which championed education and the needs of women in India. ==Life== Elizabeth Adelaide Manning was born in 1828. Her mother was Clarissa (born Palmer) and her father was the lawyer James Manning who helped the Law Amendment Society decide to support changing the British law relating to married women's property.〔 Manning was a founder member of the London Froebel Society when it started in 1874 with her cousin Caroline Bishop. Bishop was advising the London School board on the use of Kindergarten methods and Manning presented a paper on the same subject to the Social Science Association. The following year the Froebel Society became national.〔 She was one of the first students to attend Girton College after she sat the entrance exam. Her stepmother was briefly the first mistress.〔 In February 1871 Manning and her stepmother started the London branch of the National Indian Association.〔(Elizabeth Adelaide Manning ), Open University. Retrieved 25 July 2015〕 Her stepmother died the following month and Manning increasingly became the society's main proponent. She edited the magazine originally titled ''The Journal of the National Indian Association''. This journal in time became ''The Indian Magazine'' in 1886 and in 1891 ''The Indian Magazine and Review'' under Manning's leadership.〔 In 1882 the NIA launched an initiative titled ''Medical Women for India'' which was designed to train women doctors so that they could work in part on caring for women in India. The NIA also took an interest in students from India who were studying in Britain. Manning created a book of guidance called ''Handbook of information relating to university and professional studies etc. for Indian students in the United Kingdom''. Manning had an open house policy and she cared particularly for students from India. In 1888 Cornelia Sorabji contacted the National Indian Association from India for assistance in completing university education.〔 This letter was championed by Mary Hobhouse and Manning contributed funds together with Florence Nightingale, Sir William Wedderburn and others.〔 Sorabji arrived in England in 1889 and she stayed with Manning.〔 Sorabji was the first woman to complete a law degree at Oxford and she kept contact with the NIA during her later career.〔(Mary Hobhouse ), Open University. Retrieved 26 July 2015〕 In July 1904, Manning was awarded the Kaisar-i-Hind Medal, first class, by the King for services to the British Raj. Manning died in London in 1905.〔Gillian Sutherland, "Manning, (Elizabeth) Adelaide (1828–1905)", ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'', Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, May 2007 (accessed 25 July 2015 )〕〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Adelaide Manning」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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